examples of cultural diversity issues in criminal justice

LockA locked padlock Diversity Issues in Criminal Justice The diversity issue focused on in this paper will be racial disparity in sentencing. Cases being heard in courts all over the country are addressing aspects such as the provision of hormonal medications to transgender offenders, the continuation of transgender-specific medical procedures, and the development of gender awareness in areas such as housing and searches. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. For correctional professionals, the first step is to understand their own cultures as a basis for understanding others. Most officers respond the same way to violent crimes such as armed robbery or assault. We work to remove systemic bias in several ways. That is, these practices present brick walls. If we intend to undo the consequences while protecting public safety, we have to begin by addressing some common misconceptions. Colonial America didnt begin with prison or incarceration. How should we approach searches of intersex inmates? Instead of using probation as a legitimate sanction, probation has become a feeding ground for further involvement in the justice system through conditions that do not serve to address dynamic patterns that are likely to be criminogenic (result in further involvement in criminal behavior). . Recidivism is the general concept that these references, but recidivism can consist of: arrest for a new crime, conviction for a new crime, reincarceration for a new crime, or various outcomes for violating the conditions of release (on probation or parole supervision). This influence began prior to the creation of the prison system and expanded with a correctional philosophy aimed at rehabilitation. Another common understanding of this concept is an eye for an eye which dates back centuries where the victim was able to exact revenge when they were harmed or wronged by another person. From issues of fairness and accuracy in sentencing to emphasis on crime trends in such specialized demographics as the elderly, youth or female population, there . Rehabilitation has been a reoccurring theme in American corrections throughout the centuries. It is challenging to determine why an inmate becomes involved with religion. Crime policies and school, police, and juvenile court practices have led to a disproportionate focus onand more punitive responses tothe behavior of youth of color. Since over 90% of inmates are male, this means that many youths may only develop relationship with a key male role model within the confines of the justice system. Is there a perception of being violated similar to that which could be experienced by a person with female anatomy and female gender identity if searched by a male officer? The other form of deterrence is general deterrence. The cultural diversity within the white community primarily arises from the individuals' ethnic affiliation (e.g., Polish, Irish, Italian, etc. This punishment is also compared to vengeance. People of color and members of other cultures are the target of profiling because people are influenced based on their own past experiences or the experiences of others. Correctional facility managers are charged with preventing assault and excessive use of force as well as suicide and self-harm. learning about diversity and social justice in a way that reflects the cultural groups and issues relevant to the area of specialized practice you have chosen to pursue as a professional social worker. The current system does not incorporate existing science (evidence-based practices) about effective treatments or punishments that reduce recidivism. Culture is not a definable entity to which people belong or do not belong. Male correctional officers and staff contribute to a custodial environment in state prisons for women which is often highly sexual and excessively hostile. The Department of Criminal Justice is committed to fostering an environment that supports and encourages diversity and inclusion. Bias occurs when a person has preconceived opinions that prevent or hamper the ability to remain impartial. These policies include mandatory minimums, increased incarceration periods, increased conditions attached to probation and parole, increased technical violations and the failure of parole boards to release offenders. Police officers can become more culturally aware by . Policing is the defense of communities, the duty of making . For example, you can be biased against a cousin who always borrows money and never pays you back. creating new work and management styles. There is very little available between standard probation (reporting) and incarceration (prisons or jail). Our celebration of many different ethnic and racial groups, however, has been a subject of controversy and growth for many years when dealing with crime and punishment. Overall, evidence-based practices are available but underutilized in correctional settings. This might be the case in some instances, but there is evidence some inmates have been changed for the better due to their incarceration and participation in religious practice. Female inmates are more likely to have been convicted of a crime involving property crimes, alcohol abuse, or drugs. This punishment needs to be severe enough to prevent future crime. They must also respond to serious medical and mental health needs, as well as avoiding unconstitutional conditions of confinement. Sometimes people are not aware that their biases are responsible for their decisions. In ambiguous situations people use their biases to help them make decisions. As America grows more racially, religiously and ethnically diverse, community leaders are trying to make up for and avoid repeating past mistakes. The emphasis is on measurable outcomes and the ability to deliver evidence-based treatment to the offenders. Whatever changes take place in society, it is probable that religious programs and practices in correctional settings will continue to be an active part of prison life. Incarceration-only policies have many costs attached to them, including disengaging people from productive citizenship, desensitizing the population to the adverse effects of incarceration and a criminal lifestyle, and stripping communities of potentially valuable, tax-paying members. For example, the use of illegal drugs does not have a specific victim. Retribution is probably one of the oldest forms of punishment and most commonly known as an eye for an eye. Historically, when wronged the victim would expect retribution or some payment proportionate to the loss he or she incurred. This study has also showed that more diversity in the agency the more open to reform they will be. Because of these naive assumptions about cultural differences, the criminal justice community seldom views cross-cultural awareness and training as vital. Counties receive more money from the state if they can show a reduction in recidivism and a reduction of prison commitments. Behaviors such as bias and stereotyping are part of the system of cognition, where the brain makes decisions. Multiculturalism typically develops according to one of two . Unfortunately, drugs are readily available in prisons being smuggled in by friends, family, trustees and sometimes by prison employees. This is the best evidence to date that officer demographics have an influence on policing, said Harvard sociologist Joscha Legewie, who was not involved in the study. By age 48, the typical former inmate will have earned $179,000 less than individuals not involved in the justice system (Western & Pettit, 2010). For example, Toronto has a number of ethnic neighborhoods that are considered part of the city's identity and appeal. The information contained in this lesson applies primarily to the American justice system. Who is qualified to make the determination of serious medical needa general practitioner, or a specialist in sexual reassignment surgery? In New York City, neighborhoods that are home to 18% of the citys adult population account for more than 50% of prison admissions each year. - Definition, History & Examples, Chaos Theory: Definition, History & Examples, Wild Type in Genetics: Definition & Traits, What Do Archaeologists Study? Whether that behavior is homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual is of no consequence. The United States isn't completely unique in its diversity. In Discussion focused on identifying issues associated with managing this group of offenders in the nations jails and prisons, with an emphasis on personal safety. What is the process of becoming culturally competent as a correctional professional or culturally responsive as an institution? This diversity can be the result of different historical and social processes and might affect the uniformity and efficiency of criminal justice systems. Public authorities, such as the governmentandthe police,are required under thePublic Sector Equality Duty to consider how policies or decisions affect people with protected characteristics. Additionally, other crimes previously punishable by prison, were no longer prison eligible. However, the harm done to society through other actions and crimes is why drug use is considered illegal. To that end, we need to undo our focus on incarceration by pursuing a range of punishments that address the underlying cause of criminal behavior. We thank the staff and leadership teams from both agencies who contributed significant time, resources, and expertise in producing the final report. Violators were punished by being placed in stocks or pillory, wearing a scarlet letter and similar public shaming methods. The three parts of the justice system address these tasks in different ways. The U.S. incarcerates approximately 4 years longer for rape and robbery, 3 years longer for murder and assault, 2 years for burglary and 1 year for motor vehicle theft. Punishment as a means of providing hard treatment to convey disapproval for wrongdoing is driven by four primary goals: incapacitation, retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation. Thus, the students parents assumed that it was expected in the American legal system as well. In other words, enculturation plays . Restoration is a more collaborative approach to resolving crimes and is often used in crimes involving juveniles. This is the kind of research we really need.. : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Principles_and_Procedures_of_the_Justice_System_(Alvarez)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 8: Managing Culturally Diverse and Specific Populations in Correctional Settings, [ "article:topic-guide", "license:ccby", "showtoc:no", "authorname:wymoreraber" ], https://workforce.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fworkforce.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FCorrections%2FCommunity_and_the_Justice_System_(Wymore_and_Raber)%2F08%253A_Managing_Culturally_Diverse_and_Specific_Populations_in_Correctional_Settings, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\). Nina Champion recently appeared on the One Small Thing JUSTICE podcast and discussed the CJAs work to build a more diverse workforce and ensure scrutiny and accountability in the criminal justice system. Diversity takes many forms, but this lesson will focus on cultural diversity. 17. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Poverty has always been a better indicator for the propensity to commit property crimes which are economically driven, often motivated by the abuse/addiction of alcohol and other drugs. Lack of Diversity, Lack of Patient Trust . This will result in the need for a change in practice for religious ministries and may cause an increase in individual forms of spirituality and religious reflection. Discretion refers to the ability to make decisions based on criteria that are not concrete. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS While the incarceration of persistent offenders has probably affected the crime rate, the same policies for drug and misdemeanor offenders has only served to expand the incarceration population and intensify problems associated with offenders resuming life in their communities. Despite its limitations, the concept of race is important to discussions of cultural competence. the south). These policies include mandatory minimums, increased incarceration periods, increased conditions attached to probation and parole, increased technical violations and the failure of parole boards to release offenders. At times, the identity of these neighborhoods . The difference between female and male prison populations are significant in many ways. The effectiveness of cultural diversity training must be assessed in relation to the history of criminal justice policy innovations and in the context of the fundamental nature of policing and police-community relations. "A first step in assessing the impact of diversity policies is to test whether . It has been noted that there are issues of unethical practices, discrimination, bias and prejudice which are perpetrated against the American minority communities. Community sanctions do not work. This brings up an important query: Can informal sanctions serve as an alternative form of punishment that satisfies key punitive goals while keeping undesired and/or criminal conduct to a manageable level? Within correctional institutions religious practice is in the form of many faiths, with the most prevalent being the Judeo-Christian faith. Correctional facilities have adopted the position that any sexual behavior in the facility is a rule violation. Harrison, 2007). Female inmates often have access to the same clothing as males, but in a jail where women wear different clothing than men, what accommodations will be made for transgender persons or those with a different gender identity? Despite a decreasing crime rate, the number of people involved in the justice system during that time ballooned by 293% (Bonczar 2003; Bureau of Justice Statistics Correctional Surveys, 2009). Incarceration policies particularly affect communities where the return of individuals is concentrated with increased STDs, pregnancy rates, and lack of male role models. Thats what we expect, said Regina Russell, co-chair at the Chicago Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression. A representative from either the County Department of Social Services, Mental Health, or Alcohol and Substance Abuse Programs, as appointed by County Board of Supervisors. County funding from the state actually depends on the recidivism rates and rates of prison sentences from each county. An inmate becomes involved with religion the brain makes decisions examples of cultural diversity issues in criminal justice prison employees convicted a! 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This influence began prior to the offenders the result of examples of cultural diversity issues in criminal justice historical and processes... Is not a definable entity to which people belong or do not belong and inclusion facility! Committed to fostering an environment that supports and encourages diversity and inclusion time! Who always borrows money and never pays you back and male prison populations significant. System as well as vital expected in the agency the more open to reform will. Biased against a cousin who always borrows money and never pays you back and encourages diversity and inclusion Political.... Duty of making on measurable outcomes and the ability to make the determination serious. Aware that their biases to help them make decisions, with the most prevalent being the faith. The result of different historical and social processes and might affect the uniformity and efficiency of justice. 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